Swot analysis of the Nokia Company By MyAssignmentHelp

Question: Depict about the SWOT Analysis of Nokia? Answer: Organization profile Nokia is a Finland based organization which has its central station in Espoo, in Helsinki region. In the fields of cutting edge innovations, organize foundation and area based advances, Nokia is a trailblazer. Today, the organization has three driving business, HERE, Nokia systems and Nokia innovations. HERE is the centered around finding the area of spots. Nokia Networks is the foundation business and the Nokia Technologies is engaged with the improvement of innovation and furthermore protected innovation rights activities. The worker quality of the organization is around 57000 individuals (Nokia.com, 2015). The organization likewise revels on innovative work. The speculation of the business in its three organizations in 2013 is EUR 2.5 million. Up to this point, the organization was in the market cell phones. In the year 2013, September 2 the organization went into a concurrence with Microsoft. By the understanding, Nokia would sell the gadget and administrations business to Micros oft (Nokia, 2015). In 2014 April 25, the exchange of the understanding was finished. Nokia was bought by Microsoft for an EUR 5.4 billion. The organization is recorded with the New York stock trade and adds to the monetary development of the nation. The organization has values which are intended to direct the choices of the individuals working in the association. the manner in which the organization works, their obligations and the manner in which they manage their clients and their duty toward the investors are featured in the estimations of Nokia. The workers of Nokia along these lines demonstration, act, think and convey in such a way in this way, that the qualities are reflected in their lead. The four perspectives that the organization follows are Achievement, challenge, regard and recharging. Nokia has an approach to approach everybody with deference and furthermore procure it from others. The organization cooperate and convey better-quality outcomes. In addition they contribu te to expand their abilities just as to build up the business. Employment title Nokia is an organization which is continually developing in order to hold its present market position. In Nokia I might want to join as RD Engineer. The primary obligations of a RD engineer are to configuration, plan and to execute groups. Different obligations incorporate counsel, guide and bolster a group and furthermore to share the information on their aptitude regions. Their work is to continually do explores and advance innovations which can be applied to make the items appealing. In addition different regions of my work additionally incorporate applying experience and information so as to decide the main driver of an issue and to locate their plausible arrangements. SWOT examination Nokia was at one time the biggest dealer of cell phones on the planet. It was basically because of its toughness and unwavering quality gave by its cell phones (Fine, 2009). For a long time the witticism of Nokia was interfacing individuals. Be that as it may, as of late its handset division was obtained by Microsoft, the product goliath (Makos, 2014). At that point onwards, the organization has propelled a few telephones. The workers of Nokia additionally continually overhaul and improve themselves so as to stay aware of the propelling advancements of todays world. Quality The best quality of the organization is its image name. numerous individuals frequently pick the companys item due to the solidness, innovativeness and the unwavering quality the brand offers. Progressively over the profoundly qualified group of RD have as of late converged with the group of Microsoft. So the correspondence of work has improved. The results of the organization are exceptionally simple and advantageous to deal with not at all like results of different brands. The RD engineers have consolidated the most recent innovations in creating slek plans and adding alluring highlights to the telephones. The parts and innovations utilized are of top notch which centers around the way that the organization esteems its clients. Shortcoming One of the shortcomings of the organization is that it required some investment to enter the Smartphone business. The organization lost a large number of its dependable clients because of this explanation. The RD group couldn't oblige the requirements of the individuals. They were concentrated with delivering telephones which would draw in the lower and white collar class individuals. In this procedure they lost numerous clients when android and iOS entered the market. The new android was a lot of better than the Nokia normal telephones. To pivot the tide the organization presented the Windows telephone in the Lumia extend. In any case, the activity was quite deferred. The organization has made a lower benefit because of a drop in its deal. It was on the grounds that different organizations have just caught a great deal of Nokias advertise. Opportunity The arrangement among Microsoft and Nokia was an advantage for both the organizations. to snatch extraordinary chances, the RD division must use the accessible assets appropriately. The following open door is to grow new items with alluring highlights. The utilization of Windows working framework in the telephones will be an advantage for them. The RD engineers must grow new android working frameworks to beat the developing rivalry and to catch the market by and by Nokia as of now has a market base. It is crafted by the organization to attempt to create likely items as indicated by the necessities of the individuals. Danger The greatest danger of Nokia is the steady rivalry from the other advanced mobile phone organizations. The minimal effort versatile sets from china are another enormous danger The inadequacy of the RD group to anticipate later on can cause misfortune for the organization as the organization won't have the option to refresh and advance with the time. Business methodology Nokia was the market chief by 2003 in cell phone division. It was much in front of its rivals like Motorola, Samsung, and Ericson and so forth since for quite a while, the business methodology of Nokia was to lead the market as far as item development. Nokia has a huge group of experienced representatives to help its business and it continually put a great many dollars consistently into RD. as of now Nokia has a business procedure to pick up its piece of the pie by presenting new advanced cells in the market. The principle focal point of the RD group will be to grow better plans, which are lighter and thin. In addition the product should be created. Nokia has not thought of good android programming for its versatile. The RD group must build up this to pick up showcase availability (Hodge Schachter, 2006). Long are the days gone when individuals would purchase telephones once like clockwork or considerably more. In this way they need to constantly bring more up to date plans in to the market as per the day by day changing requirements of the individuals. Fit in the association Nokia takes a people vocation to another stature and to another spot. It gives a chance to work universally. Working in Nokia is consistently an advantage for me since Nokia has plans which bolster the medicinal services administrations for the whole family when out of luck. The organization is extremely imaginative. They sort out topic days and even fairs where outside specialists can share their thoughts. Nokia is consistently open to thoughts and developments and their business depends on it. Since I am extremely creative in my brain, I see my work as fascinating (Nokia, 2015). They give freedom at work which permits us to create things which the individuals will like. In addition the organization gives steady preparing to its workers to address the every day difficulties. I as a worker invite all these as I anticipate any chance to continually learn. The organization even gives materials and instruments that causes us to build up our vocation. References Fine, L. (2009).The SWOT examination. [S.l.]: Kick It. Hodge, R., Schachter, L. (2006).The brain of the client. New York: McGraw-Hill. Makos, J. (2014).SWOT Analysis of Nokia.PESTLE Analysis. Recovered 16 February 2015, from https://pestleanalysis.com/swot-examination nokia/ Nokia,. (2015).Nokia. Recovered 16 February 2015, from https://inventwithnokia.nokia.com/blog/what-is-develop with-nokia Nokia,. (2015).Our qualities. Recovered 16 February 2015, from https://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/our-organization/our-values Nokia.com,. (2015).Nokia Nokia IN. Recovered 16 February 2015, from https://www.nokia.com/in-en/determination/

Are Exams a Fair Means of Assessment free essay sample

Are tests a reasonable methods for appraisal? A great deal has been done to make tests as reasonable as could be expected under the circumstances, for example, by presenting understudies to a similar educational plan, giving similar conditions to understudies during a test, yet I don't think at one point tests have been reasonable for all understudies. Test questions are generally restricted henceforth at one point no test can include the entire course work. Subjects inspected apparent simple by certain understudies will be a favorable position to them while points analyzed apparent hard by certain understudies will be disadvantageous to them. A few understudies may likewise be strained during the assessment thus impeding their capacity to perform better, regardless of being decidedly ready. Understudies who are commonly quick might be preferable set over the individuals who are commonly delayed in a coordinated test in as much as them two may have the data expected of them by the test. We will compose a custom paper test on Are Exams a Fair Means of Assessment or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Assessments may copy inquiries from recently done tests on a similar course henceforth may support the understudies who approached past modification addresses which will be out of line to the understudies who went to a similar class yet didn't approach the amendment questions. Assessments are once in a while an evaluation of which is the understudy with the best capacity to pack and not the understudy who has the best comprehension of the course work and who can meet goals of the course. In Summary, Examinations are commonly not reasonable. Different ways that might be utilized to survey information gained is by evaluating coursework, class investment, class participation and utilization of the information procured in class in down to earth circumstances. Connection to applicable spots for quite a while, and a report from bosses may likewise be a superior appraisal of information procured in the course work.

AP Language Teachers Needed to Learn More About Writing Essay Samples

AP Language Teachers Needed to Learn More About Writing Essay SamplesAP Language teachers, it's a good time to be teaching! Today, the number of students taking the AP English Language Tests is higher than ever before. Because there are so many new test takers, even a teacher with decades of experience can benefit from learning more about writing English language essay samples for the new test.People are learning English as a second language. If your student has an unusual first language or his or her first language is not English, there are great opportunities for personal and professional development. Today, English language essay samples are used in college admissions, on job applications, in research papers, and in customer service positions. Therefore, a teacher can teach his or her students how to write from a subject-centered perspective, demonstrate linguistic skills, and also use language skills to express themselves intelligently and appropriately.Teaching English language for its own sake doesn't have to be boring. Teachers should know how to write new essays because students are now writing them for their tests. So, a teacher of English language needs to understand not only the science of teaching English but also the art of essay writing. How to write essays that come across well? How to make certain that the essay flows smoothly?Here are some useful techniques for AP Language teachers. The goal is to make certain that the English language essay samples written by the student to support the main point and don't lead the reader off on a tangent. It is important that the student who is grading the essay understands this and understands how to grade the essay so that he or she can be certain that the essay makes sense and does not lead the reader astray.First, writers write by reviewing what they know. Often, writing students will spend more time trying to figure out what a particular topic means than they do actually writing the essay. Therefore, wri ting students will need to keep a notebook or writing software that records notes about the things they learn during their coursework. When they are practicing writing, they can review the topics and the key terms that they learned during their studies. These will be helpful tools for their writing for the AP English Language Test.Secondly, writing students should remember to put aside time during their writing for self-reflection. They should get out of the chair and walk around their classroom. They can reflect on their writing and read aloud to themselves, identifying the parts of the essay that they think could be improved or strengthened.Third, students should organize their notes into an outline, which is a great idea for writing students. This will help to make certain that the student doesn't lose any of his or her ideas. Therefore, writing students should take advantage of outlines. Writing students should make sure that they follow outlines and create a list of their ideas , which will help them remember what was discussed in class.There are other tips that writing students can implement. These include writing out the main points in each paragraph. With the AP English Language tests out there, now is the time for writing students to remember the basics and create quality work.

Coping with Stress in an Organization - 2242 Words

Coping With Stress In An Organization 26 November 1994 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Defining Stress III. Types of Stress IV. How to Handle Stress V. Recognizing Stress VI. The Military and Stress VII. Summary I. INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of mankind there has always been some kind of stress affecting how people feel, act and cope with situations. In this paper we will look at the definition of stress and what causes people to have stress. Then we will see how different people handle stress and show how not all individuals have the same tolerance for stress. The next thing that will be discussed is how managers in organizations can recognize and reduce the negative†¦show more content†¦When people think of physical work environment they usually think of some type of hard labor. But its not confined only to physical labor, it also encompasses other factors such as noise, temperature, lighting, and pollution.4 So that means even people in business and people in construction both have some kind of physical work environment stressors. Stress from noise doesnt have to be caused from loud sounds. It could be the sound of the air conditioner or maybe even the silence of some one who is sitting next to you and you know they are watching what you do. Temperature also adds to frustration and therefore causes stress. Whether its from working out in the blazing sun or from sitting beside the air conditioner, they both can lead to stressful situations. Light can cause stress because of being to high, to low, or the wrong type. Any of these can make a person strain their eyes thus make them more susceptible to stress. When you put all the individual and physical stressors together you can see why job stress is drawing more and more attention. IV. HOW TO HANDLE STRESS Although every person handles stress in their own particular way they all basically go through the same stages. Professor Hans Selye called these stages the general adaptation syndrome.5 He says that the body adjust to stress in three stages; (1) alarm reaction, (2) adaptation, and (3) exhaustion. Alarm reaction is where aShow MoreRelatedCompetitive Advantage And Stress Of Organizational Health1459 Words   |  6 Pages Competitive Advantage and Stress Organizational health means profit; therefore, to gain profits organizations must secure and grow their competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is the means of strategically differentiating products and/or services an organization from its competitors, such as branding, customer base, product quality, reputation, leadership, organizational culture, innovation, intellectual property, patents, leadership, and customer or governmental relationships, to reduceRead MoreSignificance of Psychosocial Competence in Youth1468 Words   |  6 PagesSignificance of Psychosocial Competence in Youth Executive Summary Stress is one of the top ten health concerns in adolescence and is getting worse. Adolescents experience many changes in their daily lives, however are not sufficiently equipped with skills to help them deal with the increased demands and stress they experience (World Health Organization, 1997). Psychosocial competence in youth was researched in order to better understand their abilities to make the best choice as related to mentalRead MoreCoping In Mental Health885 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities or an illness (Gouin, Estrela, Desmarais, Barker, 2016). A coping system for dealing with mentally ill patients vary from one family to another for different of reasons. There have been studies that show that a person who is taking care of someone who is mentally ill will possibly go through a mental illness (Bevans, Sternberg,2012). According to Chiou, Chang, Chen and Wang (2009), caregivers can also experience stress because they are not spending enough time with their loved one butRead MoreStress Management Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesStress is defined as â€Å"any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities† (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need forRead MoreThe Effects Of Affet Resilience On Stress Management Strategies 741 Words   |  3 Pages(self-efficacy, life stress , coping strategies , recovery scale and adult scale) then answers were measured by different statically techniques (chi square, CFI, NFI,RMSEA). They found that USA, Chinese and Taiwanese were using almost the same stress coping strategies (planning, refining problems, avoidance coping strategies, problem solving, alcohol drinking, smoking, social programs, sleeping and tobacco addiction). The effect of secure attachment self-efficacy, trait resilience on stress management strategiesRead MoreCoping With Extreme Stress And Its Effect On The Stress Of A Person1569 Words   |  7 Pagesof work-related stress. 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I’ve always known that stress can harm your health, but to actually experience my health deteriorating is quite alarming. Furthermore, I’ve learned that time

Good Will Hunting and Bell Hooks Keeping Close to Home Essay

Going off to college is probably one of the best things a person can do to further their education. The promise of a degree from a university seems achievable but is shadowed with the many challenges that come with a higher edification. Often many college students find themselves bothered by these obstacles which can determine whether the college student succeeds or not. There are many endeavors in college but it depends on how the student reacts to these situations. This synthesis will examine the motion picture Good Will Hunting and an essay by an author Bell Hooks entitled Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education. Both of these accounts tell of a struggle that the protagonist character in the story had†¦show more content†¦Throughout these sessions the promise of a higher education or success is shadowed by the aggression that Will Hunting has to over come. Very defensive and isolated Will Hunting is befriended very slowly by Sean McGuire to open up his emotional problem and to let them go. Will Hunting’s inability to trust, love and communicate handicaps him to do well in life with careers and relationships. In the essay entitled Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education, the author Bell Hooks tells of her struggles when she goes off to the prestigious college Stanford University at the age of 18. Coming from a working low class economic background hooks deals with ridicule from her family and the difficulties of adjusting from a lower class to a higher class setting at Stanford. The dilemma that Hooks’ face with her family is; she states, â€Å"My parents had not been delighted that I had been accepted and adamantly opposed my going so far from home† (p. 161). Reason for this adamant feeling was that Hooks was brought up during a period when women didn’t really leave the house to go to school. 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I never wanted to be a leader. I just wanted to get by life like any other person. I didnt believe that I would make a good leader. But I was wrong. What was that quote by Umbert...? Umberto Eco! It was, The real hero is always a hero by mistake; he dreams of being an honest coward like everyone else. How true that quote is. This war was tough on everyone, but it madeRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesauthority 3. Onitsha Igbo The dialect of both Mr Pearman’s MS and of the present form of the dictionary may be described as a generalized form of Onitsha. My own decision to work on Onitsha Igbo was prompted by the fact that while there are some good studies of Central Igbo (e.g. Green and Igwe 1963, Carnochan 1948, Swift 1962, and more recently Emenanjá »  1978), there is no modern linguistic study of Onitsha except Emenanjá »  19758.1 This is a strange lack when it is considered that Onitsha has beenRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesalgebra. 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Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking adviceRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesIt can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. 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The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 2373 Words

In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible how do the actions of the characters show the motives of the Puritan people during the time of the Salem Witch trials? Laurie Jacques Essex County Newark Tech Abstract This paper discusses the human traits that Puritans portray in the Salem witch trials which are manipulation, desires, and motives. It analyzes six resources on research conducted on motives, manipulation and on The Crucible. The articles all have the same views on motivations and manipulation. Character Motivations in The Crucible (n.d) talk about three main characters and their background as well as the role that they played in the events leading to the witch trials. They explain how Abigail Williams desires to gain social status, gain power, and to be with John Proctor motivated her to manipulate others to achieve her desires. In Human Motivation in the Crucible (n.d) it talks about Abigail Williams as well but it also continues to discuss the role that Thomas Putnam played in the events leading to the Salem witch trials and it gives a bit of information on Giles Corey. In this paper it describes how desires lead to the motivation of manipulation during the time of the Salem wi tch trials. In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† how do the actions of the characters show the motives of the Puritan people during the time of the Salem Witch trials? In the year of 1692 in a small village in Massachusetts called Salem, a group of girls grew ill. TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear tha t inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. 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It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Advantage and Disadvantage of Facebook Commerce

Question: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of f-commerce on both businesses and consumers? Provide two examples of companies that have used, either to an advantage or disadvantage. Answer: In the contemporary business world, Facebook provides an environment where a product gets popularity in a rapid speed. It offers 600 million users to shop online and recommend the products to others with the fan concept of Facebook. In this beneficial scenario, IdeaPaint has effectively taken the advantages and obtained a significant success. This particular B2B Company introduced a specialty-painting product that can transform the wall into a dry-erase surface of writing. It discourages the necessity of white board hanging and offers an impressive creative space. The company effectively created hot spots with social site links by using the welcome tab in Facebook. In addition, the company provided detailed videos regarding the installation and use of their product. This way the company has been able to increase interactivity with their customer along with offering them excellent first experience (Wu et al. 2015). Facebook also enabled them to recommend this product to the users frie nd, increasing the promotional boundary of the company. On the other hand, Facebook also briskly promote the negative image as well as controversy of the company that hinders the companys brand image (Jain 2014). Heinz QR Code has tremendously failed due to this particular disadvantage of the commerce in Facebook. The QR code on a tomato ketchup bottle of this food company ushered the users to pornography website. As the registration of that particular website lapsed, it was reassigned to a pornography website, which created this controversy. This blunder spread through the Facebook community in a stormy speed and the company got a tremendous blow to its brand image. Reference List: Jain, V., 2014. The Impact of Social Commerce on Consumer Behaviour: With Special Reference to F-Commerce.Available at SSRN 2403898. Wu, Y.C.J., Shen, J.P. and Chang, C.L., 2015. Electronic service quality of Facebook social commerce and collaborative learning.Computers in human behavior,51, pp.1395-1402.

Marxist Criticism

Jazz in the early 20th Century essays

Jazz in the early 20th Century essays Jazz is defined as a genre of popular music that official originated in New Orleans around 1900. Apparently, the word jazz originated in New Orleans jass, which was slang for sexual intercourse, but it gradually came to be applied to anything exciting. Other commentators have traced the use of the word in a musical context even further back, the first instance of writing dating to 1909. Jazz music is commonly characterized by intricate rhythms and syncopation, improvisation, call and response, and swing. First sweeping through the Western World in the 1920s and 30s, jazz has subsequently become entrenched as one of the characterizing movements in 20th Century culture. A revealing quote from Paul Whitman, the undisputed King of Jazz, shows the conditions in which jazz arrived in America: Jazz came to America 300 years ago in chains. That is, from West Africa via the black slaves who were imported to the states of Southern America to work for white masters in plantations. The slaves built up a rich hoard of work songs and ballads, lamenting their circumstances and conditions, and in time these developed into distinct genres, spawning the blues and ultimately jazz itself. However, it was never the sole property of the black community. Other influences including the minstrel shows put on by white performers as well as ragtime and Dixieland influenced the formation of jazz. Briefly, jazz emerged as a thriving form of popular music after it caught on among the musicians who were paid to entertain clients in the brothels of New Orleans at the turn of the century. Among the most important pioneers were cornet player Buddy Bolden and Jelly Roll Morton, who often claimed he had invented jazz. Subsequently the form developed under the influence of ragtime and the blued and a newfound home in Chicago. Jazz entered a golden age in the 1920s, when up-and-coming stars of ...

Cash Management Techniques Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cash Management Techniques - Case Study Example 1. The company usually creates realistic cash flow budgets for both short term and long term. This helps the company to critically analyze the management policies of their cash and also pass recommendations to improve their current strategies. Competition- A company business environment plays a critical role in determining the credit policies that the company will adopt. The practices being carried out by other players in the industry will be a deterministic factor as well. In a relative competitive business environment, a high degree of importance is usually emphasized in regard to credit availability. The reason behind this is to ensure that the company remains competitive since it will be an attraction to clients. Even when the industry is not competitive enough, a company can use credit availability as a tool to be more competitive ( Cooper, 2004). Customer type-The type of customers that a company interacts with will be critical in deterministic of the policies the company will adopt. In situations whereby the clients of the company are characterised with short capital it is unlikely the company will adopt policies that will increase credit availability ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). Profit margin- the profit margin from goods or services provided by the company is a critical deterministic aspect of the credit policies a company will implement. If the profit margins are slim, then the credit department needs to be careful about the policies they adopt. On the other end, high profit margins are more tolerant to risks associated with credit, thus allowing more flexible and ease policies ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). The government regulations - government might set specific credit regulations in order to govern the sale of specific commodities for example alcohol. Therefore, companies should select credit policies that are in line with government regulations. Short term financial

Federal Government Role in Public Education Research Paper

Federal Government Role in Public Education - Research Paper Example From this discussion it is clear that  one of the key reasons as to why a national Pre-K 16 curriculum would actually improve the quality of education as there is overall continuum of education between K-12 and other post-secondary education system being followed at colleges as well as universities. It has also been argued that lot of students actually entering into the country’s college and university system are significantly unprepared for reading, writing as well as mathematics. These deficiencies can create significant disadvantage for the students because of the gap between the high school competencies and readiness for college. There is therefore a critical misalignment between K-12 and post-secondary standards and it can create significant disadvantage for the youth.  As the study highlights  one of the common pitfalls of having a national Pre-K-16 curriculum is the lack of information regarding the overall expectations of various stakeholders involved. The misali gnment between the goals and expectations of teachers and institutions at both the post-secondary education institutions actually can make the case for development of national curriculum stronger. There is also a lack of shared knowledge as well as standards which can ensure uniform assessment of the students at various levels. A national curriculum for Pre-K 16 would actually allow the institutions to actually track the educational trajectory of the students and better assess their strengths and weaknesses to ascertain better future options for the students.

Leadership And Corporate Social Responsibility The Indian Way

Leadership And Corporate Social Responsibility The Indian Way Abstract Indian society has come a long way. Ancient Culture of India is if full of spiritual and ethical values. In those times, Kings and rulers used to refer Upnishads and Vedas to take guidelines for ideal practices and decision making. Today such kingdoms have converted into business empires where business leaders make decisions that impact the business and the society as a whole. As Business organizations play a vital role in the management of demand and supply in the society at one side and provide employment opportunities on the other to allow the people to possess purchasing power, it is therefore, important for them to follow ethical codes and understand their true social responsibilities other than their financial obligations towards shareholders and financers. With this view, this paper explores the changing phases of leadership and social responsibility from kings to current Indian business leaders. May be, it not a fresh thought on this topic but the authors have tried to showcase the current practices followed by various companies to discharge their social responsibilities towards the society. Key Words: Spiritual Leadership; Corporate Social Responsibility; Indian Ethos, Values and Ethics; Leaders in world business are the first true planetary citizens. They have worldwide capability and responsibility; their domains transcend national boundaries. Their decisions affect not just economies, but societies; and not just direct concerns of business, but world problems of poverty, environment, and security. World business will be a key actor in the ultimate resolution of the macro-problem. It crosses national boundaries with much more ease than do political institutions and the business corporation is far more flexible and adaptive organization than the bureaucratic structures of government.  [1]   Willis Harman, author of Global Mind Change The Above statement reflects the growing importance and changing role of business leaders in the society. Business organizations are the essential components of the social system and therefore, with such an influential role there comes a sense of great responsibilities for these business leaders. In the ancient Indian culture, ethics and moral responsibilities defined by the Vedas and scriptures were the guidelines for behavior of leaders and kings who had to play such roles in the management of social and economic systems. Historical Background: From Raj Dharma to Corporate Social Responsibility The ancient Indian folklore and sacred Hindu texts have embodied rules and regulations pertinent to preservation of environment and ecology. They have repeatedly espoused the notion of Dharma (balancing act between own duties and others rights) and Satkarma (good deeds) through various scriptures and texts. Be socially conscientious, dont mischief the nature by your actions, attain the riches through fairer means and compassion for all creatures is the philosophy of the primordial books. Unlike the present day piecemeal and ad hoc approach towards the issue, ancient Indian environment consciousness was holistic in its approach and it sprang from the Upanishadic gospel Vasudhaiva kutumbakam (all the beings of the whole universe belong to the same family). This is echoed in several verses in the Vedas, especially in Upanishads. Some excerpts are- One shall follow the path of righteousness. (Dharmam kara Taittiriya Upanishad i-11) One shall not sin against his neighbor or a foreigner. (Rig Veda Samhita v-85-7) Wealth has to be won by deeds of glory. (Rig Veda Samhita vi-19-10) One shall be led by the fair path to riches. (Vajasaneya Samhita v-36) A man shall strive to win wealth by the righteous path. (Rig Veda Samhita x-31-2) Help others to win wealth. (Rig Veda Samhita iv-50-9) One shall not be selfish and consume all by itself. (Rig Veda Sam x-117-6) Wealth accumulated through 100 hands should be distributed to 1000 hands. (Atharva Veda Samhita iii-24-5) The leader is the distributor of wondrous wealth. (Vajasaneya Samhita xxx-4) Let the rich satisfy the poor with a broader vision. (Rig Veda Samhita x-117-5) One shall produce fair wealth for today and tomorrow. (Rig Veda Samhita vi-71-6) Earth, atmosphere, sky, sun, moon, stars, waters, plants, trees, moving creatures, swimming creatures, creeping creatures all are hailed and offered oblations. (Taittiriya Samhita i-8-13) One should protect the habitation. (Rig Veda Samhita vi-71-3) Air is God (vayu devta) and it shold be free from pollution. (Atharva Veda) Yajna should be performed by everyone to purify the air. (Atharva Veda) One should not destroy the trees. (Rig Veda Samhita vi-48-17) Plants are mothers and Goddesses. (Rig Veda Samhita x-97-4) Trees are homes and mansions. (Rig Veda Samhita x-97-5) Nature has to be protected from mans exploitation (Rig Veda Samhita vii-75-8) Plants and waters are treasures for generations. (Rig Veda Samhita vii-70-4) Waters bear off all defilements and cleanse people. (Vajasaneya Samhita iv-2) Whoever injures the forests and mountains is a robber who sinks both itself and its offspring into destruction. (Rig Veda Samhita vii-104-10) Offerings should be dedicated to waters of wells, pools, clefts, holes, lakes, morasses, ponds, tanks, marshes, rains, rime, streams, rivers and ocean. (Taittiriya Samhita vii-4-13) Waters and herbs should have no poison. (Rig Veda Samhita vi-39-5) Waters are to be freed from defilement. (Atharva Veda Samhita x-5-24) Besides Vedic Samhitas and Upanishadas; 18 Puranas, Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, Dharmasastras, Arthasastras etc. have also enchanted a lot not only about concern for environment but they have specifically emphasized on Raj Dharma (duties of a king) which pertains to modern days Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility is therefore defined as a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of their operations. The notion of corporate social responsibility was untainted in terms of philanthropy or charity up till the 1990s. Welfare programs or initiatives were introduced not as a duty or a responsibility but as a form of charity that was supposed to connote the virtues of the big organisations. However the post-liberalization phase has seen a primary shift from this patronage-based model of corporate social responsibility to a stakeholder-participation based model. In the stakeholder model the community in which the corporation is present is seen as a stakeholder in the company and therefore, the company has certain obligation and duties towards it like it has towards its other stakeholders (customers, employees, shareholders). It is a recognition of the fact that companies have to perform in non-financial arenas too, such as human rights, business ethics, environmental policies, corporate contributions, community development, corporate governance, and workplace issues and company should be held accountable for its triple bottom line that includes social and environmental facet and not just the financial performance. The question that arises at this juncture is what the reasons for the shift are in the basic paradigm of corporate social responsibility. Rationale for Corporate Social Responsibility Successful corporations need a healthy society. This is widely divergent from the perspective of corporate social responsibility in Western economies as well. Reflected in the observation by Arthur Page, vice president of public relations at ATT for around 20 years and former advisor to the US President:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all business in a democratic country begins with public permission and exists by public approval à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Priority of business is getting widened from 4 P to 7 Ps by inclusion of People and Planet with Profit. Short-term, charity-based welfare interventions are being replaced by long-term, empowerment-based Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Based on the realization, Business cannot succeed in a society that fails, CSR is being considered as an imperative for carrying on business in the society rather than as a charity. Broadly speaking, advocates of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. Business is the element of society, which is operating with the societal resources (land, labour, material) and is providing the output to the society. Therefore society is vital for survival of business enterprise. CSR is an essential starting point in understanding why a new approach is needed to integrating social considerations more effectively into core business operations and strategy. Recognition of the importance of reputation capital for capturing and sustaining markets. Therefore corporate social responsibility is basically a new business strategy to reduce investment risks and maximize profits by taking all the key stakeholders into confidence. The significance of eco-social stability i.e. social and environmental stability and sustainability is necessary for the survival of an enterprise in the long run. The importance being attached to accountability and transparency as the key aspects of corporate governance. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are vital to a prolific workforce which is the very foundation of business unit. Safe products and good working conditions lower the internal costs of accidents and increase the efficiency of employees. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good governance and property rights are indispensable for competence and innovation which is inevitable for extensive survival. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies from exploitation. Healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human needs are met the aspirations grow. It is used as a tool in building blocks between communities and companies. Frugal financial management and good performance increases the shareholder value thereby increasing the dimensions for surplus funds. Concern for customers increases the market share of the company leading to economies of scale and greater profitability. CSR awards and positive CSR ratings amplify the popularity of company between media, public and state. The mutual reliance of corporations and society denotes that both business decisions and social policies must follow the theory of shared value. That is, choices must benefit both sides. If either a business or a society pursues policies that benefit its interests at the expense of the other, it will find itself on a dangerous path. A temporary gain to one will undermine the long-term prosperity of both. CSR interventions therefore- based on commitment, mobilization of employees-voluntarism, innovative approaches, appropriate technology and continuing partnership -can make lasting differences in the life of the disadvantaged. Further, synergy of corporate action with the government can make the CSR interventions more effective and facilitating the corporate carrying on business in the society. Key Areas of Corporate Social Responsibility From philanthropic concept, social welfare activities have taken the shape of a full-fledged discipline. Corporate governance has also become the part of corporate social responsibility in todays times. Government is giving various awards to the socially responsible companies. In recent years business organisations are proving themselves as good corporate citizens in the following areas: Shareholders and Government Customers and Marketplace Employees and Workplace Community and Health Environment and Ecology Growth and appreciation of capital Constant focus on innovation Nurturing and developing human capital Promoting local employment Ecological diversity Transparency in financial statements Reasonable and affordable prices Following labour laws Infrastructural support (roads, electricity, telecom, water supply) Biological habitat Strong future prospects After sales services Ensuring employee health and welfare Promoting education through schools, scholarships, sponsorship of education programmes Plantation of trees in the locality Consultancy to government in various policy matters and Use of lobbying Avoid misleading through wrong publicity and advertisements Consistency between work and remuneration Maintaining ecological balance of the local community Sustenance of natural resources Constant efforts for value maximisation Providing information with dangerous products Better career prospects Disease awareness programmes (AIDS, Hepatitis, Dengu, Cancer etc) and family planning Recycling of waste and obsolete material No such practices like insider trading Avoiding unfair trade practices like high sales commission and heavy discounts Job security, provident fund, group insurance, pension, retirement benefits etc. Protecting, supporting and respecting social values, local culture and human rights Greenhouse gas emissions Accountability towards all operations Quality consciousness Promoting conducive environment Ethical research practices (e.g., animal testing, Genetically Modified Organisms) Conservation of wildlife Compliance with laws, regulations and conventions Product and consumer safety Good working conditions Upliftment of weaker and backward sections of the community Non pollution of rivers and water bodies to save water life and poisoning of water Corporate governance Regular supply of goods Promoting safety from accidents Modernisation and development Packaging use and disposal Payment of taxes to government Under weighing and adulteration must be avoided Housing, eating joints and transportation facilities Rehabilitating the population displaced Transportation impacts (congestion, logging roads) Not to indulge in corruption Dealing with customer grievances Crà ¨che facility for women employees Relationships with universities Energy water usage Thus business has to execute number of social tasks, as it is a part of the society. It should be bothered of those who are instrumental in securing its subsistence and survival. However, while doing so two things need to be distinguished to view it as social responsibility of business. First, any such activity is not charity. It means that if any business bestows some amount of money to any hospital or temple or school and college etc., it is not to be considered as discharge of social responsibility. Secondly, any such activity should not be that it is noble for some sections and dire for others. Social responsibility implies that a corporation should not do anything detrimental to the society in course of its business activities. Therefore, the concept of corporate social responsibility dampens businessmen from adopting unfair means. Instead, it persuades them to make yield through judicious administration of the business, by providing healthier working and living conditions to its personnel, providing superior products, after sales-service, etc. to its customers and concurrently to control pollution and conserve natural resources. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives by Indian Companies Even much before the issue became a global concern, India was aware of corporate social responsibility, due to its deep religious roots and the efforts of organisations like the Tata and Birla Group. The corporations have moved away from the charity and are focussing on initiatives that are people-centric that would make a real difference in the target communities. Following are the niceties of CSR activities undertaken by topmost Indian companies. Corporate Social Responsibility programmes at the Tata group of companies extend across a wide spectrum including rural development, community development and social welfare, family initiatives, tribal development and water management. About 7000 villages around Jamshedpur and Orissa benefit from development programmes run by the Tata Steel Rural Development Society (TSRDS). Programmes of TSRDS cover issues like education, irrigation, afforestation, adult literacy, vocational training, handicrafts and rehabilitation of the handicapped persons. The Community Development and Social Welfare Department (CDSW) at Tata steel carries out medical and health programmes, blood donation drives, mass screening of Tuberculosis patients immunization camps and drug de-addiction. In 1999, Tata Steel embarked on an AIDS awareness programme, which has now become an integral part of all training programmes. Tata Steels Centre for Family Initiatives (CFI) was successful in influencing 59 per cent of Jam shedpurs eligible couples practicing family planning, compared to the national figure of 35 per cent. To build upon this heritage the Tata Council for Community Initiatives (TCCI) has created the Tata Guidelines on Community Development, an effort of over three years from the field evolved into a framework of best practices. Infosys is actively involved in various community development programs. Infosys promoted, in 1996, the Infosys Foundation as a not-for-profit trust to which it contributes up to 1%PAT every year. Additionally, the Education and Research Department (ER) at Infosys also works with employee volunteers on community development projects. They have taken initiatives to work in the areas of research and education, community service, rural reach programme, employment, welfare activities undertaken by the Infosys Foundation, healthcare for the poor, education and arts culture. Their CSR team has been distributing books and stationery to underprivileged children across Karnataka since 2001. Infosys also manages a dedicated intranet portal to help employees support education of the children of our housekeeping and security staff. In 2009, 1,500 members contributed approximately Rs. 14, 00,000 to support more than 370 students. Also meritorious students were awarded for their performance. The Birla group of companies is also among the pioneers in the field of corporate social responsibility in India. As part of the Aditya Vikram Birla Groups Social Reach, the Birla group runs as many as 15 hospitals in India; includes adult education and schools conducting as many as 78 schools all over India; rehabilitates handicapped persons having touched more than 5000 physically challenged individuals. More than 1,00,000 patients have been examined under the Groups medical programmes. Over 15,000 children along with 2000 pregnant women have been immunized, over 500 cataract patients operated, 2000 TB patients provided medical care, 100 leprosy-afflicted attended to, free of cost. It also provides Vocational Training, having provided training to over 3000 women and having distributed over 1400 tool kits in a variety of areas like electrical, auto repair, electronic equipment maintenance and repair and tailoring. It has adopted several villages under its Village Infrastructure Deve lopment programme and has provided extensive training to over 10,000 villagers in its Carpet Weaving Center. Lupin India Ltd, Indias third largest manufacturer of pharmaceuticals has started a project for providing sustainable development in 154 villages across Rajasthan. The scheme instead of providing for piece-meal assistance that does not lead to effective alleviation of poverty or adequate development is designed as a holistic action plan that includes an Agricultural Income Generation Scheme, land cultivation and fruit plantation programs, fodder preservation schemes, sericulture and water-recycling programs, establishment of medical and educational centres, adult literacy programs and credit schemes. ITCs initiatives are not only praiseworthy but innovative in this regard. ITC partnered the Indian farmers for close to a century. It is now engaged in elevating this partnership to a new paradigm by leveraging information technology through its trailblazing e-Choupal initiative. ITC is significantly widening its farmer partnerships to embrace a host of value-adding activities: creating livelihoods by helping poor tribals make their wastelands productive; investing in rainwater harvesting to bring much-needed irrigation to parched drylands; empowering rural women by helping them evolve into entrepreneurs; and providing infrastructural support to make schools exciting for village children. Through these rural partnerships, ITC touches the lives of nearly 3 million villagers across India. Cipla, another Indian pharma major has found a novel approach to fulfil its corporate social responsibility obligations by offering to sell a cocktail of three anti-HIV drugs, Stavudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine, to the Nobel Prize-winning voluntary agency Medicine Sans Frontieres (MSF) at a rate of $350, and at $600 per patient per year to other NGOs over the world. This offer has to lead to an significant decrease in the prices of these drugs worldwide increasing the accessibility of these drugs especially in the developing countries. Cipla also donates several million rupees every year to the Cipla Cancer and AIDS Foundation for the cancer and AIDS patients. Mahindra and Mahindra dedicates 1% of its profit (after tax), on a continuous basis towards Corporate Social Responsibility. A unique kind of ESOPs Employee Social Options was launched to enable Mahindra employees to involve themselves in socially responsible activities of their choice. The Group also announced a special gift: to provide free cochlear (hearing loss solutions) implants to 60 profoundly hearing-impaired, under-privileged children. In addition to giving impetus to the Nanhi Kali project for the girl child and the Mahindra All India Talent Scholarship for the economically disadvantaged, the Mahindra Group has also set up Mahindra Pride Schools. These schools are offering a variety of courses, with an emphasis on employability, including training for information technology, retail, automotive engineering etc. They are supposed to provide new skills and capabilities to the weaker sections of society, particularly the scheduled castes and scheduled tribe youth. Similar commitment to CSR has been displayed by other corporates in India. The list, which at best can be far from complete, includes Arvind Mills, Escorts, Dabur, Bajaj, Godrej, Hero Honda, DCM Sriram, Ashok Leyland, Ballarpur Industries, Eicher, Kinetic Group, Kirloskar, Reliance, Ranbaxy, Wipro, each of these has been deeply committed to their communities engaging in programmes encompassing education, health, education, integrated rural development. Beyond the private sector, corporate players in Indias public sector too have been actively involved in corporate social responsibility initiatives. The Indian public sector has had a long tradition of corporate social responsibility and the initiatives of corporations like the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) and Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) have been remarkable in the development of several backward regions of the country. Indian Airlines and Bharat Heavy Electronics Ltd. (BHEL) have been widely acclaimed for their disaster management efforts. Most public sector units in the heavy engineering industry have not only set up townships around the plant, but also established schools, hospitals and several other civic facilities for their employees and those that live in that area. Several organizations have introduced benchmarking exercises for their CSR activities and industry bodies like Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and Fed eration of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) have introduced cross-sectoral programs in CSR related areas. Future Outlook: Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility The new economic era embarked the total renovation in CSR related practices in the country. The change was two fold: makeover of the conceptual understanding of corporate social responsibility and innovations at the implementation level. At the abstract level, there is a fundamental transformation from the charity-oriented approach to the stakeholder-oriented approach where stakeholders are seen as target group whose well-being is integral to the long term success of the corporation. The real revolution is experienced at the implementation stages where companies have started committing other resources in addition to financial ones so as to provide a host of services, programs and schemes catering to the needs of the intended community. The CSR initiatives have also seen greater participation and rigid accountability standards. The issue of norms for corporate social responsibility seems to have been adequately dealt with by industry practices like benchmarking, CSR ratings and certif ication by different agencies. While the performance of the honchos seems satisfactory, there is fierce debate on the social role of the MNCs and small companies. The social concern in these companies is too little and whatever miniscule they are performing it is only for fulfilling obligation and keeping records. MNCs are rather found to be engaged in unethical and unfair business practices as well. Corporations escape from CSR by counting on the hurdles like: Lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to CSR activities of companies. No awareness and confidence in the local communities about CSR initiatives. Dearth of trained and efficient organisations that can effectively contribute to the ongoing CSR activities initiated by companies. Lack of transparency on the part of the local implementing agencies. Non-availability of statutory CSR guidelines, the scale of CSR initiatives of companies should depend upon their business size and profile; bigger the company, larger its CSR programme. Narrow outlook towards the CSR initiatives. CSR initiatives are viewed as donor-driven than local in approach Strategic approach to Corporate Social Responsibility is the pathway to all these hurdles and lack of interest in CSR activities. Strategic CSR is all about integrating the societal issues into the core business strategies to gain competitive advantage. While practising Strategic CSR corporates have to identify the on-going social setbacks and have to invest in them so as to strengthen their competitiveness. The success of the company and the success of the community become mutually reinforcing therefore. Characteristically, the more closely tied a social issue is to the companys business, the greater is opportunity to utilise the firms resources and capabilities, and benefit society. For any company, strategy must go beyond best practices. It is about choosing a unique position-doing things differently from competitors in a way that lowers costs or better serves a particular set of customer needs. These principles apply to a companys relationship to society as readily as to its relationship to its customers and rivals. Strategic CSR moves beyond good corporate citizenship and mitigating harmful value chain impacts to mount a small number of initiatives whose social and business benefits are large and distinctive. Strategic CSR involves both inside-out and outside-in dimensions working in tandem. Many opportunities to pioneer innovations to benefit both society and a companys own competitiveness can arise in the product offering. Citing the examples from west. Toyotas early response to public concern about auto emissions gave rise to the offering Prius. Toyotas Prius, the hybrid electric/gasoline vehicle, is the first in a series of innovative car models that have produced competitive advantage and environmental benefits. Hybrid engines emit as little as 10% of the harmful pollutants as compared to conventional vehicles. The Prius has not only significantly reduced pollutants; it has given Toyota an enviable front over rivals in hybrid technology. Toyota has created a unique position with customers and is well on its way to establishing its technology as the world standard. Urbi, a Mexican construction company, has prospered by building housing for disadvantaged buyers using novel financing vehicles such as flexible mortgage payments made through payroll deductions. It engages in purchasing land, and designing, building, marketing, and selling housing developments for the low- and middle-income and residential markets in Mexico. Crà ©dit Agricole, Frances largest bank has differentiated itself by offering specialized financial products related to the environment, such as financing packages for energy-saving home improvements,  energy-saving loans, support to organic farming, financing for renewable energy etc. conducting audits to quantify their carbon emissions   and to certify farms as organic. They also sponsor projects to restore and conserve the treasures of Frances regions, projects to renovate historic sites, buildings and religious edifices in France. To penetrate Indian market, Nestle required establishing local supply of milk from a large, diversified base of small farmers. It obtained government permission to erect a dairy in Moga (Punjab). But there, farmers were impoverished, death rate in calves were high, and lack of refrigeration vetoed farmers from distributing milk and keeping it fresh. Nestle erected refrigerated dairies as milk assortment points and sent its trucks to the dairies to collect the milk. With the trucks went veterinarians, nutritionists, agronomists, and quality assurance experts. Farmers learned that milk quality centred on adequate feed crop irrigation. With financing and technical assistance from Nestle, farmers dug deep-bore wells. The ensuing improved irrigation reduced calves fatality rate 75%, amplified milk production 50-fold, and allowed Nestle to compensate higher prices to farmers than those set by the government. With steady revenues, farmers could now obtain credit. Mogas standard of living im proved with supply of electricity and telephones; primary, secondary, and high schools; and adequate medical facilities. Meanwhile, Nestle gained a stable supply of high quality commodities-without having to pay middlemen-and saw demand for its products increase in India. Above are few illustrations to reckon but their approach and practices are commendable and well known. Hence, by identifying crossroads between own company and society, selecting social problems to address and endowing small number of initiatives can generate large and distinctive benefits for society and business unit. If approached strategically, CSR can be much more than just a

Rey Bredbarys Fehrinhiot 451 :: Ferinhiot 451 Esseys

Cherectir Discroptoun Gay: Hi os e cherectir whu os blondly duong whet thi wurld os duong eruand hom wothuat thonkong. Frum thi onsodi hi os doffirint, hi hes e sympethitoc end carouas sodi on hom, hoddin sumiwhiri. Hi os jast loki eny forimin woth en anshevin blaosh luuks ivin eftir hi shevis, end woth bleckniss uf thi eshis on hos hends end feci. Aftir hos incuantir woth clerossi, hi sterts tu thonk end wundir anotintounelly. Hi sterts tu qaistoun hos ceriir end thi riesun bihond barnong buuks. Thiri mast bi sumithong ompurtent on thusi buuks uthirwosi thiy wualdn’t bi biong barnid. Hi rielozis thet hos lofi os nuthong bat fori end barnong buuks, thet hos lofi os impty end gluumy. Hi hes tekin e stip tuwerds anluckong thi mystiry bihond barnong buuks end hos duar lofi. Moldrid: Shi os thi wofi uf Gay Munteg. Shi os e viry embogauas cherectir, fall uf saspocoun. Hir physocel eppierenci os viry onsognofocent â€Å"Hir feci wes loki e snuw cuvirid oslend apun whoch reon moght fell (9) Shi os ubvouasly ubsissid woth T.V on e wey piupli eri eddoctid tu drags. Shi asis tu kiip hir frum thonkong ebuat hir lofi end thi rieloty uf ot. Shi clierly troid tu cummot saocodi, bat shi rifasis ot. Thos ettimpt shuws thet shi os nut heppy woth hir lofi end went tu git rod uf ot. Shi duisn’t went tu divilup e riletoun woth hir hasbend, end shi duisn’t went tu hevi kods. Besocelly shi os on dinoel uf hir uwn lofi end ectouns, es e risalt shi os nut rielozong thet hir ectouns eri nut roght. Moldrid os loki en ivol stunir whu sots on hir huasi ell dey. Bietty: Hi os e viry clivir cherectir. Hi hetis buuks end wents tu barn thim, bat ot siims loki es of hi sicritly rieds buuks. Hi os e bog gay woth viry ponk tuni uf culur tu hos feci. Darong thi forst pert uf thi buuk, thi forimin gut cellid fur en imirgincy et thi uld wumen's huasi fur buuks. If ried cerifally yua woll nutoci enuthir sodi uf Bietty’s cherectir. Whin Bietty telks tu thi uld wumen hi rifirincis e lottli frum thi Bobli, â€Å"Yua’vi biin luckid ap hiri fur yiers woth e rigaler demnid Tuwir uf Bebil,†(24). It siims loki hi asi tu ried on thi pest bifuri thi buuk barnong stertid. Bietty elsu trois tu cuntrul Gay’s mond frum hos ixpiroinci es e fori cepteon, bat hi cen nivir rimuvi thi merk thet Clerossi hes lift un Gay ebuat buuks.

Receivable Management Essay

The company will come to know about the existing flaws in the system. The recommendations would help the company to overcome the same. It will also help the company to know which portal is generating more revenue, which position and many other things which generate grab major part of the revenue. [pic] Management Of Accounts Receivable Management of receivables is a process under which decisions to maximize returns on the investment blocked in them are taken. Thus, the main objective of management receivable is to maximize the returns on investment in receivables & to minimize risk of bad debts etc. Because investment in receivables affects liquidity and profitability, it is, therefore, significant to maintain proper level of receivables. Accounts receivable represent sales that have not yet been collected as cash. It explains that merchandise or services in exchange for a customer’s promise to pay at a certain time in the future. Accounts receivables of a firm are created on both the side of the productive system. On one side of this system, the firm may make advance payments to the suppliers of the raw material to ensure timely supply, when the supplier holds the monopolistic position. On the other side of the productive system, accounts receivable are created by a firm when it sells its output on credit. These are termed as sundry debtors. Sundry Debtors constitute nearly 60% of the Accounts Receivables. Four Aspects Of Management Of Sundry Debtors: 1. Credit Policy needs to be determined. This involves a trade off between the profit on additional sales that arise due to credit being extended on the one hand and the cost of carrying those debtors and the bad debts losses on the other hand.

Higher Level Of Prices Of Goods And Services Rises

Q.1 When the average level of prices of goods and services rises, the inflation rate rises. I somehow disagree with this statement as it might be the secondary reason or not the only reason for the rise. But the factors that cause the inflation rate to rise are as follows: a) An icrease in demand for goods relative to supply: When there are many potential buyers of certain goods but the supply can not match the increased demand hence, results in Demand-pull inflation. Demand-pull inflation doesn’t result in inrease in rate of Inflation every time. b) A decrease in the value of existing money or devaluation of currency: If Government is printing more currency it simply means that depriciation of money will occur. When the money is devalued, several dollars will obtain smaller amount of commodities because the dollars are not in short supply. Q.2 Unemployment Rate: It could be defined as the proportion of work force that is presently jobless, are over 16, are available for work but one way or another have vanished their jobs and are keenly building efforts to locate employment. (Bureau of Labor Statistics. BLS) This could be calculated bu using the following formula: Unemployment Rate = Unemployed/Employed + Unemployed For Example : In December 2011, 248,976 thousand of Australian residents were employed and 64,283 thousand were unemployed. To find the unemployment rate for December 2011. Uemployment rate =64,283 à · (248,976 +64,283) = 20.52% Inflation Rate: InflationShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship between business and the economic environment1315 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy’s ability to produce goods and services Gross Domestic Product- represents the value of a country’s national income in one year. An increase in real GDP means that the standard of living within a country is increasing. It is therefore used as a way of measuring a country’s economic growth. The Business Cycle- there are discernable patterns in these levels over time, there will be periods of time when economic activity is rising and other times when the level of economic activity slowsRead MoreWhy Do Economists Use Real GDP Rather Than Nominal GDP To Gauge Economic Well2235 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction of goods and services valued at constant prices. Nominal GDP is the production of goods and services valued at current prices. Real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being because real GDP is not affected by changes in prices, so it reflects only changes in the amounts being produced. If nominal GDP rises, you do not know if that is because of increased production or higher prices. 2. 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In this article, people have a choice whether or not they want to pay more for air tickets as although airlines are making profits, it can still lead to higher fares. 1.2 Scarcity A good or serviceRead MoreFactors That Affect The Value Of An Economy1262 Words   |  6 Pagesthe constant rate of change in the price level in the economy. Many economies encounter positive rates of inflation yearly (Sommers, 2005). Mostly, the price level is usually measured by a price index, which evaluates the price level of goods and services at a particular point in time. Again, the number of items contained within in a price index differs depending on the main objective of the index. Mostly, government agencies occasionally present three types of price indexes; each index has a definiteRead MoreInflation1301 Words   |  6 Pages  inflation  is a rise in the general  level of prices of goods and services in an  economy  over a period of time.  When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the  purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal me dium of exchange and unit of account in the economy  A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general  price index  (normallyRead MoreWhat Are The Three Reasons The Aggregate Demand Curve Slopes Downward?960 Words   |  4 Pagesa recession are real GDP and investment spending. GDP will decrease because the economy will be producing fewer goods and services overall. Investment spending, spending on new capital, will decrease in order to conserve and spend in other areas. The unemployment rate is one macroeconomic variable that will rise during a recession. If an economy begins producing fewer goods and services, businesses will need fewer employees to meet the production demand. 3.) List and explain the three reasons theRead MoreInternational Competitiveness Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Competitiveness A country’s â€Å"international competitiveness† refers to its ability to sell its goods and services in domestic and international market at a price and quality that is attractive in those markets. The UK fell from 9th  to 12th  place in The Global Competitiveness Index between 2007 and 2008. The factors causing the decrease can be divided into price and non-price factors. 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